- Italian oil industry association UP president Pasquale De Vita submits "Italy's refineries are feeling the crisis owing to a fall in demand for petrol and to a decline in exports, especially towards the US". De Vita went on to submit that Italy has an excess refining capacity which warrants reviewing. "We have 4-5 refineries too many", De Vita submits, adding that prospective closures would come at the expense of some 7,500 jobs.